What it is
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the reduction of renal function and/or kidney damage.
Symptoms
In the early stages there may be no symptoms; later they include:
- Malaise
- Weakness
- Nausea, vomiting
- Muscle cramps
- A metallic taste in the mouth
- Oedema
- Changes in urination
Nutritional management
- Personalising the nutritional intervention to the disease stage (1–5), laboratory values and the overall clinical picture
- Personalising protein intake according to the stage of the disease.
In early stages: emphasis on quality and balance.
In advanced stages: controlled reduction to slow progression of the disease.
In haemodialysis: increased needs to prevent loss of muscle mass.
- Sodium restriction
- Potassium and phosphorus management
- Higher dietary fibre intake
- Prevention of undernutrition
- Nutritional support during haemodialysis
When to consult a dietitian-nutritionist
- After a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, in early or advanced stages
- When there is co-existing diabetes or hypertension
- When a personalised nutrition plan is needed to manage protein, sodium, potassium and phosphorus intake
- When education is needed on choosing foods that support kidney function
- When the goal is to prevent complications and delay disease progression